Remove special (device) files in HP-UX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on November 30, 2011
You can use the command rmsf to remove special (device) files in HP-UX, example:
# rmsf -H 6/0/8/1/0.0.0
Where 6/0/8/1/0.0.0 is the HW PATH of the device.
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emailRemove files with odd name
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in General Unix on November 30, 2011
Sometimes an user create a file or directory with a odd filename, for example:
server@root:/root # touch /tmp/test/^Easasasasa.txt
This “^E” is the result of a CTRL+E. With “ls”, we have the following:
server@root:/tmp/test # ls -ltr
total 0
-rw-r----- 1 root sys 0 Nov 30 15:34 asasasasa.txt
Note that you cannot see the ^E in filename, so the system will not recognize it as “asasasasa.txt”:
server@root:/tmp/test # rm asasasasa.txt
rm: asasasasa.txt non-existent
The solution is work with the file’s inode:
server@root:/tmp/test # ls -lia
total 96
11 -rw-r----- 1 root sys 0 Nov 30 15:34 asasasasa.txt
5 drwxr-x--- 2 root sys 96 Nov 30 15:34 .
2 drwxrwxrwt 8 root root 49152 Nov 30 15:33 ..
The number “11” is the inode of the odd file. Now we can remove it using the find command:
server@root:/tmp/test # find . -inum 11
./asasasasa.txt
server@root:/tmp/test # find . -inum 11 -exec rm -rf {} \;
Identify PV device in HP-UX 11.31
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on September 8, 2011
In HP-UX 11.31, LVM doesn’t use “ctd’ (ie: /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0), but DSF to balance the throughput between many device paths., so if you need identify what physical device represent that logical device, you can use ioscan, for example:
server@root:/root # vgdisplay -v vg00
--- Volume groups ---
VG Name /dev/vg00
VG Write Access read/write
VG Status available
Max LV 255
Cur LV 12
Open LV 12
Max PV 16
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
Max PE per PV 4385
VGDA 2
PE Size (Mbytes) 16
Total PE 4375
Alloc PE 3998
Free PE 377
Total PVG 0
Total Spare PVs 0
Total Spare PVs in use 0
VG Version 1.0
VG Max Size 1122560m
VG Max Extents 70160
--- Logical volumes ---
LV Name /dev/vg00/lvol1
LV Status available/syncd
LV Size (Mbytes) 2000
Current LE 125
Allocated PE 125
Used PV 1
LV Name /dev/vg00/lvol2
LV Status available/syncd
LV Size (Mbytes) 16384
Current LE 1024
Allocated PE 1024
Used PV 1
(...)
LV Name /dev/vg00/lvol12
LV Status available/syncd
LV Size (Mbytes) 5120
Current LE 320
Allocated PE 320
Used PV 1
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/disk/disk4
PV Status available
Total PE 4375
Free PE 377
Autoswitch On
Proactive Polling On
Note that the pv name is “disk4”, not c2t1d3.
With ioscan you can reverse map it:
server@root:/root # ioscan -m dsf
Persistent DSF Legacy DSF(s)
========================================
/dev/rdisk/disk3 /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0
/dev/rdisk/disk4 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0
/dev/rdisk/disk5 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0
Now we know that the “disk4″ is the physical disk located in 12/0/1/1/0.0.0
root@brux0044:/root # ioscan -fnC disk
Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
========================================================================
disk 1298 12/0/1/1/0.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HP 73.4GMAP3735NC
/dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0
Solaris HBA information
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Solaris on April 26, 2011
On a Solaris system, you can use the command fcinfo to get HBA related information:
# fcinfo hba-port
HBA Port WWN: 210000144fe71480
OS Device Name: /dev/cfg/c1
Manufacturer: QLogic Corp.
Model: 2200
Type: L-port
State: online
Supported Speeds: 1Gb
Current Speed: 1Gb
Node WWN: 200000144fe71480
HBA Port WWN: 10000000c950c6a2
OS Device Name: /dev/cfg/c5
Manufacturer: Emulex
Model: LP10000-S
Type: N-port
State: online
Supported Speeds: 1Gb 2Gb
Current Speed: 2Gb
Node WWN: 20000000c950c6a2
HBA Port WWN: 10000000c950c6b7
OS Device Name: /dev/cfg/c4
Manufacturer: Emulex
Model: LP10000-S
Type: N-port
State: online
Supported Speeds: 1Gb 2Gb
Current Speed: 2Gb
Node WWN: 20000000c950c6b7
In the example above, you can see that the server has three HBAs (one QLogic and two Emulex).
Memory disposition in HP-UX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on February 7, 2011
You can use the following commando to check me memory disposition in HP-UX:
echo "selclass qualifier memory;info;wait;infolog" | /usr/sbin/cstm
It will return something like this:
Memory Board Inventory
DIMM Slot Size (MB)
--------- ---------
0a 256
2a 1024
1a 256
0b 256
2b 1024
1b 256
--------- ---------
System Total (MB): 3072
Create *.db files for sendmail
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in General Unix on January 20, 2011
You can use the following command to create a *.db file to be used, for example, in sendmail:
makemap btree /etc/userdb.db < /etc/userdb
It will create a userdb.db based in the userdb file
Recovery files from a IGNITE HP-UX backup
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on November 18, 2010
If you have a backup made using the ignite tool on a HP-UX, you can use the following commands to recovery just a part of it.
For PA-RISC:
-Rewind the tape
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn rew
-Forward to the sector after the boot
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 1
-Use tar to extract the file
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0mn etc/hosts
For Itanium2:
-Rewind the tape
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn rew
-Forward to the sector after the boot
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 22
-Use tar to extract the file
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0mn etc/hosts
NOTE: change “/dev/rmt/0mn” to your tape device. If you don’t know what it is, run the command “ioscan -fnC tape” do find it out.
Convert a text to/from UPPER to/from lower
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in General Unix on November 5, 2010
You can use the following command do convert a file content from upper case do lower case:
cat /tmp/upper_file.txt |tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' > /tmp/lower_file.txt
Or the following command to convert from lower to upper case:
cat /tmp/lower_file.txt |tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' > /tmp/upper_file.txt
Removing password aging restrictions in HP-UX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on October 27, 2010
To remove all passwords aging restriction in HP-UX, you can use the following command:
/usr/lbin/modprpw -m llog=0,mintm=0,exptm=0,lftm=0,expwarn=0,umaxlntr=0 username
Where:
llog – Set the last login time interval (days);
mintm – Set the minimum time interval between password changes (days). 0 = none;
exptm – Set password expiration time interval (days). 0 = not expired;
lftm – Set password life time interval (days). 0 = infinite;
expwarn – Set password expiration time interval (days). 0 = not expired;
umaxlntr – Set Maximum Unsuccessful Login tries allowed. 0 = infinite.
How to check HBA card settings in HP-UX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on September 23, 2010
First of all, you need if the device exists:
myserver@root:/root # ioscan -fnC fc
Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description
===================================================================
fc 1 0/0/4/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
/dev/fcd1
fc 2 0/0/10/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
/dev/fcd2
fc 3 0/0/12/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
/dev/fcd3
fc 0 0/0/13/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
/dev/fcd0
Now, you can check the settings:
myserver@root:/root # fcmsutil /dev/fcd1
Vendor ID is = 0x001077
Device ID is = 0x002422
PCI Sub-system Vendor ID is = 0x00103c
PCI Sub-system ID is = 0x0012d6
PCI Mode = PCI-X 133 MHz
ISP Code version = 4.0.22
ISP Chip version = 3
Topology = PTTOPT_FABRIC
Link Speed = 4Gb
Local N_Port_id is = 0x020300
Previous N_Port_id is = None
N_Port Node World Wide Name = 0x5001438002fdf7c3
N_Port Port World Wide Name = 0x5001438002fdf7c2
Switch Port World Wide Name = 0x200300051e365dca
Switch Node World Wide Name = 0x100000051e365dca
Driver state = ONLINE
Hardware Path is = 0/0/4/1/0
Maximum Frame Size = 2048
Driver-Firmware Dump Available = NO
Driver-Firmware Dump Timestamp = N/A
Driver Version = @(#) libfcd.a HP Fibre Channel ISP 23xx & 24xx Driver B.11.23.06 /ux/core/isu/FCD/kern/src/common/wsio/fcd_init.c:Jun 23 2006,14:06:46
How to remove/move/copy/rename file that has a non-printable name
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in General Unix on September 23, 2010
How to remove/move/copy/rename file that has a non-printable name, for example:
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -la
total 2
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48
drwxrwxrwx 2 root sys 96 Sep 23 15:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 userhome adm 1024 Sep 23 16:20 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 -test
The easiest one is the file named "-test", you can do a "mv -- -test xx" to rename it to test, getting rid of the "-".
The most annoying is the other file, which apparently has the name "blank", but not quite.
There are two ways to find the real file name.,"ls -lq" e "ls -lb":
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -lq
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 ?
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -lb
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 \002
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -li
total 0
17334 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48
17332 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx
The "ls -lb" shows the non-printable characters with "\ XXX" where XXX is the ASCII representation of the non-printable character.
The "ls -lq" shows the non-printable characters with "???" (quantity of ? is defined by the amount of non-printable caracters).
The "ls -li" shows the file inode.
To handle this file, the best option is to use the "find".
- Using the find based on the inode:
find . -inum 17334 -exec mv {} asd \;
- Using find with "wildcards" (based on the ls-lq returned):
find . -type f -name "?" -exec mv {} asd \;
Be careful when using the find with "meta character"! If a file whose name has only one character, it will enter the result.
AIX and user access denied
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Aix on May 19, 2010
AIX has a security feature named unsuccessful_login_count (/etc/security/lastlog) . It is an user account feature that count the number of unsuccessful login attempts and it works conjunction with the user's loginretries (/etc/security/user) attribute.
So, if you configure the loginretries=5, the user will not be able to log in after 5 retries. To enable the login again, you should reset the unsuccessful_login_count parameter by editing the file /etc/security/lastlog or with the following command:
# chsec -f /etc/security/lastlog -a unsuccessful_login_count=0 -s foobar
You can identify this problem by the following message in syslog:
May 19 15:42:41 aixbox auth|security:info sshd[7884888]: Login restricted for foobar: 3004-303 There have been too
many unsuccessful login attempts; please see \tthe system administrator.
Change user settings and password attributes in AIX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Aix on May 11, 2010
To change some user and password settings in AIX, you should use the command "chuser". Follow some available parameters:
- loginretries -> number of login failures before lock the account.
- maxage -> maximum age of a password (in weeks)
- gecos -> general information about the user.
- groups
- home
- minlen -> minimum password length
- pgrp -> primary group
Example:
# chuser loginretries='0' maxage='0' gecos='User Foo Bar' groups='group1,group2,group3' home='/home/foobar' minlen='7' pgrp='groupX' <username>
Unlock user account in AIX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Aix on May 11, 2010
To unlock an user account in AIX, you should use the following command:
# chuser account_locked='false' <username>
Lock user account in AIX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Aix on May 11, 2010
To lock an user account in AIX, you should use the following command:
# chuser account_locked='true' <username>
Increase lvol size in HP-UX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on May 7, 2010
Let’s assume that you want to increase 1Gb of the /dev/MyVG /lvol1 device (mounted as /filesystem):
# bdf /filesystem
Filesystem kbytes used avail %used Mounted on
/dev/ MyVG /lvol1
573440000 533892407 37080557 94% /filesystem
The actual size is 573440000 Kb (573 Gb) and you will increase it to 574440000 Kb (574 Gb).
- Check if there is available space in the Volume Group:
# vgdisplay MyVG
--- Volume groups ---
VG Name /dev/MyVG
VG Write Access read/write
VG Status available
Max LV 255
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 100
Cur PV 17
Act PV 17
Max PE per PV 15000
VGDA 34
PE Size (Mbytes) 16
Total PE 36907
Alloc PE 35000
Free PE 1907
Total PVG 1
Total Spare PVs 0
Total Spare PVs in use 0
Note the “Free PE” and “PE Size (Mbytes)”. It say that you has 30512 Mb (30Gb) available in MyVG (Free PE * PE Size).
- Increase the lvol:
# lvextend -L 574440 /dev/MyVG/lvol1 * the syntax is: lvexten -L <new size in Mb> <lvol path>
- Now, increase the filesystem:
# fsadm -b 574440m /filesystem * the syntax is: fsadm –b <new size in Mb> <mount point>
Changing the HP-UX hostname
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on May 7, 2010
To change the hostname in HP-UX:
- Edit the file "/etc/rc.config.d/netconf"
# /etc/rc.config.d/netconf
- Look for the line that starts with HOSTNAME and change the hostname, example:
HOSTNAME="mylittleserver"
- Now, apply the change:
# /sbin/init.d/hostname start
Rename a Super Dome Partition
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in HP-UX on April 23, 2010
To rename a Super Dome Partition (for example change the name that is showed in the MP console menu), do the following:
Login into any host of this SD and run:
parmodify -p <partition number> -P <partition name>
Example:
parmodify -p 2 -P WEBSERVER01
Updating partition table in Linux
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Linux on March 15, 2010
When you use the "fdisk" to handle the partitions of a disk, depending on the disc, the "fdisk" will bring the following message:
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
No, you do not have to restart the server for the changes are applied, simply use the following command (example):
kpartx -a /dev/sda
This will re-read the partition table on /dev/sda and create the mapping of the system partitions (/dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, etc).
Physical memory in AIX
Posted by Lincoln Zuljewic Silva in Aix on February 18, 2010
To check the amount of physical RAM that a AIX Server has, you can use the following commands:
# lsattr -El sys0 | grep realmem
realmem 16121856 Amount of usable physical memory in Kbytes
or
# lsattr -El mem0
goodsize 15744 Amount of usable physical memory in Mbytes False
size 15744 Total amount of physical memory in Mbytes False
or
# prtconf|grep "Memory Size"
Memory Size: 15744 MB Good Memory Size: 15744 MB