System Adm

Remove special (device) files in HP-UX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 17:59:40 +0000

You can use the command rmsf to remove special (device) files in HP-UX, example:
# rmsf -H 6/0/8/1/0.0.0

Where 6/0/8/1/0.0.0 is the HW PATH of the device.

Remove files with odd name

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 17:48:28 +0000

Sometimes an user create a file or directory with a odd filename, for example:
server@root:/root # touch /tmp/test/^Easasasasa.txt

This “^E” is the result of a CTRL+E. With “ls”, we have the following:server@root:/tmp/test # ls -ltr total 0 -rw-r----- 1 root sys 0 Nov 30 15:34 asasasasa.txt

Note that you cannot see the ^E in filename, so the system will not recognize it as “asasasasa.txt”:server@root:/tmp/test # rm asasasasa.txt rm: asasasasa.txt non-existent

The solution is work with the file’s inode:server@root:/tmp/test # ls -lia total 96 11 -rw-r----- 1 root sys 0 Nov 30 15:34 asasasasa.txt 5 drwxr-x--- 2 root sys 96 Nov 30 15:34 . 2 drwxrwxrwt 8 root root 49152 Nov 30 15:33 ..

The number “11” is the inode of the odd file. Now we can remove it using the find command:
server@root:/tmp/test # find . -inum 11 ./asasasasa.txt server@root:/tmp/test # find . -inum 11 -exec rm -rf {} \;

Identify PV device in HP-UX 11.31

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 18:44:30 +0000

In HP-UX 11.31, LVM doesn’t use “ctd’ (ie: /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0), but DSF to balance the throughput between many device paths., so if you need identify what physical device represent that logical device, you can use ioscan, for example:
server@root:/root # vgdisplay -v vg00 --- Volume groups --- VG Name                     /dev/vg00 VG Write Access             read/write VG Status                   available Max LV                      255 Cur LV                      12 Open LV                     12 Max PV                      16 Cur PV                      1 Act PV                      1 Max PE per PV               4385 VGDA                        2 PE Size (Mbytes)            16 Total PE                    4375 Alloc PE                    3998 Free PE                     377 Total PVG                   0 Total Spare PVs             0 Total Spare PVs in use      0 VG Version                  1.0 VG Max Size                 1122560m VG Max Extents              70160
--- Logical volumes --- LV Name                     /dev/vg00/lvol1 LV Status                   available/syncd LV Size (Mbytes)            2000 Current LE                  125 Allocated PE                125 Used PV                     1
LV Name                     /dev/vg00/lvol2 LV Status                   available/syncd LV Size (Mbytes)            16384 Current LE                  1024 Allocated PE                1024 Used PV                     1 (...)LV Name                     /dev/vg00/lvol12 LV Status                   available/syncd LV Size (Mbytes)            5120 Current LE                  320 Allocated PE                320 Used PV                     1 --- Physical volumes --- PV Name                     /dev/disk/disk4 PV Status                   available Total PE                    4375 Free PE                     377 Autoswitch                  On Proactive Polling           On

Note that the pv name is “disk4”, not c2t1d3.

With ioscan you can reverse map it:
server@root:/root # ioscan -m dsf Persistent DSF Legacy DSF(s) ======================================== /dev/rdisk/disk3 /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0 /dev/rdisk/disk4 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdisk/disk5 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0

Now we know that the “disk4″ is the physical disk located in 12/0/1/1/0.0.0
root@brux0044:/root # ioscan -fnC disk Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description ======================================================================== disk 1298 12/0/1/1/0.0.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HP 73.4GMAP3735NC /dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0

Solaris HBA information

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Tue, 26 Apr 2011 21:38:06 +0000

On a Solaris system, you can use the command fcinfo to get HBA related information:

# fcinfo hba-port HBA Port WWN: 210000144fe71480 OS Device Name: /dev/cfg/c1 Manufacturer: QLogic Corp. Model: 2200 Type: L-port State: online Supported Speeds: 1Gb Current Speed: 1Gb Node WWN: 200000144fe71480 HBA Port WWN: 10000000c950c6a2 OS Device Name: /dev/cfg/c5 Manufacturer: Emulex Model: LP10000-S Type: N-port State: online Supported Speeds: 1Gb 2Gb Current Speed: 2Gb Node WWN: 20000000c950c6a2 HBA Port WWN: 10000000c950c6b7 OS Device Name: /dev/cfg/c4 Manufacturer: Emulex Model: LP10000-S Type: N-port State: online Supported Speeds: 1Gb 2Gb Current Speed: 2Gb Node WWN: 20000000c950c6b7

In the example above, you can see that the server has three HBAs (one QLogic and two Emulex).

Memory disposition in HP-UX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Mon, 07 Feb 2011 20:32:06 +0000

You can use the following commando to check me memory disposition in HP-UX:
echo "selclass qualifier memory;info;wait;infolog" | /usr/sbin/cstm

It will return something like this:
Memory Board Inventory

DIMM Slot Size (MB) --------- --------- 0a 256 2a 1024 1a 256 0b 256 2b 1024 1b 256 --------- --------- System Total (MB): 3072

Create *.db files for sendmail

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 18:46:29 +0000

You can use the following command to create a *.db file to be used, for example, in sendmail:

makemap btree /etc/userdb.db < /etc/userdb

It will create a userdb.db based in the userdb file

Recovery files from a IGNITE HP-UX backup

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 17:54:50 +0000

If you have a backup made using the ignite tool on a HP-UX, you can use the following commands to recovery just a part of it.

For PA-RISC:
-Rewind the tape
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn rew

-Forward to the sector after the boot
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 1

-Use tar to extract the file
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0mn etc/hosts

For Itanium2:
-Rewind the tape
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn rew

-Forward to the sector after the boot
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 22

-Use tar to extract the file
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0mn etc/hosts

NOTE: change “/dev/rmt/0mn” to your tape device. If you don’t know what it is, run the command “ioscan -fnC tape” do find it out.

Convert a text to/from UPPER to/from lower

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Fri, 05 Nov 2010 13:42:19 +0000

You can use the following command do convert a file content from upper case do lower case:

cat /tmp/upper_file.txt |tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' > /tmp/lower_file.txt

Or the following command to convert from lower to upper case:

cat /tmp/lower_file.txt |tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' > /tmp/upper_file.txt

Removing password aging restrictions in HP-UX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Wed, 27 Oct 2010 18:32:41 +0000

To remove all passwords aging restriction in HP-UX, you can use the following command:
/usr/lbin/modprpw -m llog=0,mintm=0,exptm=0,lftm=0,expwarn=0,umaxlntr=0 username

Where:
llog – Set the last login time interval (days);
mintm – Set the minimum time interval between password changes (days). 0 = none;
exptm – Set password expiration time interval (days). 0 = not expired;
lftm – Set password life time interval (days). 0 = infinite;
expwarn – Set password expiration time interval (days). 0 = not expired;
umaxlntr – Set Maximum Unsuccessful Login tries allowed. 0 = infinite.

How to check HBA card settings in HP-UX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Thu, 23 Sep 2010 19:53:45 +0000

First of all, you need if the device exists:

myserver@root:/root # ioscan -fnC fc Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description =================================================================== fc 1 0/0/4/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1) /dev/fcd1 fc 2 0/0/10/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1) /dev/fcd2 fc 3 0/0/12/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1) /dev/fcd3 fc 0 0/0/13/1/0 fcd CLAIMED INTERFACE HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1) /dev/fcd0

Now, you can check the settings:
myserver@root:/root # fcmsutil /dev/fcd1 Vendor ID is = 0x001077 Device ID is = 0x002422 PCI Sub-system Vendor ID is = 0x00103c PCI Sub-system ID is = 0x0012d6 PCI Mode = PCI-X 133 MHz ISP Code version = 4.0.22 ISP Chip version = 3 Topology = PTTOPT_FABRIC Link Speed = 4Gb Local N_Port_id is = 0x020300 Previous N_Port_id is = None N_Port Node World Wide Name = 0x5001438002fdf7c3 N_Port Port World Wide Name = 0x5001438002fdf7c2 Switch Port World Wide Name = 0x200300051e365dca Switch Node World Wide Name = 0x100000051e365dca Driver state = ONLINE Hardware Path is = 0/0/4/1/0 Maximum Frame Size = 2048 Driver-Firmware Dump Available = NO Driver-Firmware Dump Timestamp = N/A Driver Version = @(#) libfcd.a HP Fibre Channel ISP 23xx & 24xx Driver B.11.23.06 /ux/core/isu/FCD/kern/src/common/wsio/fcd_init.c:Jun 23 2006,14:06:46

How to remove/move/copy/rename file that has a non-printable name

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Thu, 23 Sep 2010 19:34:08 +0000

How to remove/move/copy/rename file that has a non-printable name, for example:
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -la total 2 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 drwxrwxrwx 2 root sys 96 Sep 23 15:50 . drwxr-xr-x 5 userhome adm 1024 Sep 23 16:20 .. -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 -test
The easiest one is the file named "-test", you can do a "mv -- -test xx" to rename it to test, getting rid of the "-".

The most annoying is the other file, which apparently has the name "blank", but not quite.

There are two ways to find the real file name.,"ls -lq" e "ls -lb":

backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -lq total 0 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 ? -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -lb total 0 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 \002 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -li total 0 17334 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 17332 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx
The "ls -lb" shows the non-printable characters with "\ XXX" where XXX is the ASCII representation of the non-printable character.
The "ls -lq" shows the non-printable characters with "???" (quantity of ? is defined by the amount of non-printable caracters).
The "ls -li" shows the file inode.

To handle this file, the best option is to use the "find".

- Using the find based on the inode:
find . -inum 17334 -exec mv {} asd \;

- Using find with "wildcards" (based on the ls-lq returned):
find . -type f -name "?" -exec mv {} asd \;

Be careful when using the find with "meta character"! If a file whose name has only one character, it will enter the result.

AIX and user access denied

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Wed, 19 May 2010 20:11:00 +0000

AIX has a security feature named unsuccessful_login_count (/etc/security/lastlog) . It is an user account feature that count the number of unsuccessful login attempts and it works conjunction with the user's loginretries (/etc/security/user) attribute.

So, if you configure the loginretries=5, the user will not be able to log in after 5 retries. To enable the login again, you should reset the unsuccessful_login_count parameter by editing the file /etc/security/lastlog or with the following command:

# chsec -f /etc/security/lastlog -a unsuccessful_login_count=0 -s foobar

You can identify this problem by the following message in syslog:

May 19 15:42:41 aixbox auth|security:info sshd[7884888]: Login restricted for foobar: 3004-303 There have been too many unsuccessful login attempts; please see \tthe system administrator.

Change user settings and password attributes in AIX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Tue, 11 May 2010 14:03:53 +0000

To change some user and password settings in AIX, you should use the command "chuser". Follow some available parameters:

- loginretries -> number of login failures before lock the account.
- maxage -> maximum age of a password (in weeks)
- gecos -> general information about the user.
- groups
- home
- minlen -> minimum password length
- pgrp -> primary group

Example:
# chuser loginretries='0' maxage='0' gecos='User Foo Bar' groups='group1,group2,group3' home='/home/foobar' minlen='7' pgrp='groupX'

Unlock user account in AIX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Tue, 11 May 2010 13:38:49 +0000

To unlock an user account in AIX, you should use the following command:

# chuser account_locked='false'

Lock user account in AIX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Tue, 11 May 2010 13:37:33 +0000

To lock an user account in AIX, you should use the following command:

# chuser account_locked='true'

Increase lvol size in HP-UX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Fri, 07 May 2010 21:11:21 +0000

Let’s assume that you want to increase 1Gb of the /dev/MyVG /lvol1 device (mounted as /filesystem):
# bdf /filesystem Filesystem kbytes used avail %used Mounted on /dev/ MyVG /lvol1 573440000 533892407 37080557 94% /filesystem
The actual size is 573440000 Kb (573 Gb) and you will increase it to 574440000 Kb (574 Gb).

- Check if there is available space in the Volume Group:
# vgdisplay MyVG --- Volume groups --- VG Name /dev/MyVG VG Write Access read/write VG Status available Max LV 255 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 100 Cur PV 17 Act PV 17 Max PE per PV 15000 VGDA 34 PE Size (Mbytes) 16 Total PE 36907 Alloc PE 35000 Free PE 1907 Total PVG 1 Total Spare PVs 0 Total Spare PVs in use 0

Note the “Free PE” and “PE Size (Mbytes)”. It say that you has 30512 Mb (30Gb) available in MyVG (Free PE * PE Size).

- Increase the lvol:
# lvextend -L 574440 /dev/MyVG/lvol1 * the syntax is: lvexten -L

- Now, increase the filesystem:
# fsadm -b 574440m /filesystem * the syntax is: fsadm –b

Changing the HP-UX hostname

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Fri, 07 May 2010 18:08:34 +0000

To change the hostname in HP-UX:

- Edit the file "/etc/rc.config.d/netconf"
# /etc/rc.config.d/netconf
- Look for the line that starts with HOSTNAME and change the hostname, example:
HOSTNAME="mylittleserver"
- Now, apply the change:
# /sbin/init.d/hostname start

Rename a Super Dome Partition

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Fri, 23 Apr 2010 14:31:40 +0000

To rename a Super Dome Partition (for example change the name that is showed in the MP console menu), do the following:

Updating partition table in Linux

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 14:53:16 +0000

When you use the "fdisk" to handle the partitions of a disk, depending on the disc, the "fdisk" will bring the following message:

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. Syncing disks.

No, you do not have to restart the server for the changes are applied, simply use the following command (example):
kpartx -a /dev/sda

This will re-read the partition table on /dev/sda and create the mapping of the system partitions (/dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, etc).

Physical memory in AIX

Lincoln Zuljewic Silva — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 11:56:21 +0000

To check the amount of physical RAM that a AIX Server has, you can use the following commands:

# lsattr -El sys0 | grep realmem realmem 16121856 Amount of usable physical memory in Kbytes

or

# lsattr -El mem0 goodsize 15744 Amount of usable physical memory in Mbytes False size 15744 Total amount of physical memory in Mbytes False

# prtconf|grep "Memory Size" Memory Size: 15744 MB Good Memory Size: 15744 MB