Posts Tagged unix

Create *.db files for sendmail

You can use the following command to create a *.db file to be used, for example, in sendmail:

makemap btree /etc/userdb.db < /etc/userdb

It will create a userdb.db based in the userdb file

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Recovery files from a IGNITE HP-UX backup

If you have a backup made using the ignite tool on a HP-UX, you can use the following commands to recovery just a part of it.

For PA-RISC:
-Rewind the tape
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn rew

-Forward to the sector after the boot
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 1

-Use tar to extract the file
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0mn etc/hosts

For Itanium2:
-Rewind the tape
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn rew

-Forward to the sector after the boot
mt -t /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 22

-Use tar to extract the file
tar xvf /dev/rmt/0mn etc/hosts

NOTE: change “/dev/rmt/0mn” to your tape device. If you don’t know what it is, run the command “ioscan -fnC tape” do find it out.

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Convert a text to/from UPPER to/from lower

You can use the following command do convert a file content from upper case do lower case:

cat /tmp/upper_file.txt |tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' > /tmp/lower_file.txt

Or the following command to convert from lower to upper case:

cat /tmp/lower_file.txt |tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' > /tmp/upper_file.txt

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How to check HBA card settings in HP-UX

First of all, you need if the device exists:

myserver@root:/root # ioscan -fnC fc
Class     I  H/W Path    Driver S/W State   H/W Type     Description
===================================================================
fc        1  0/0/4/1/0   fcd  CLAIMED     INTERFACE    HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
                        /dev/fcd1
fc        2  0/0/10/1/0  fcd  CLAIMED     INTERFACE    HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
                        /dev/fcd2
fc        3  0/0/12/1/0  fcd  CLAIMED     INTERFACE    HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
                        /dev/fcd3
fc        0  0/0/13/1/0  fcd  CLAIMED     INTERFACE    HP AB378-60101 4Gb Single Port PCI/PCI-X Fibre Channel Adapter (FC Port 1)
                        /dev/fcd0

Now, you can check the settings:
myserver@root:/root # fcmsutil /dev/fcd1

                           Vendor ID is = 0x001077
                           Device ID is = 0x002422
            PCI Sub-system Vendor ID is = 0x00103c
                   PCI Sub-system ID is = 0x0012d6

                               PCI Mode = PCI-X 133 MHz
                       ISP Code version = 4.0.22
                       ISP Chip version = 3
                               Topology = PTTOPT_FABRIC
                             Link Speed = 4Gb
                     Local N_Port_id is = 0x020300
                  Previous N_Port_id is = None
            N_Port Node World Wide Name = 0x5001438002fdf7c3
            N_Port Port World Wide Name = 0x5001438002fdf7c2
            Switch Port World Wide Name = 0x200300051e365dca
            Switch Node World Wide Name = 0x100000051e365dca
                           Driver state = ONLINE
                       Hardware Path is = 0/0/4/1/0
                     Maximum Frame Size = 2048
         Driver-Firmware Dump Available = NO
         Driver-Firmware Dump Timestamp = N/A
                         Driver Version = @(#) libfcd.a HP Fibre Channel ISP 23xx & 24xx Driver B.11.23.06 /ux/core/isu/FCD/kern/src/common/wsio/fcd_init.c:Jun 23 2006,14:06:46

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How to remove/move/copy/rename file that has a non-printable name

How to remove/move/copy/rename file that has a non-printable name, for example:

backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -la
total 2
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48
drwxrwxrwx 2 root sys 96 Sep 23 15:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 userhome adm 1024 Sep 23 16:20 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 -test

The easiest one is the file named "-test", you can do a "mv -- -test xx" to rename it to test, getting rid of the "-".

The most annoying is the other file, which apparently has the name "blank", but not quite.

There are two ways to find the real file name.,"ls -lq" e "ls -lb":

backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -lq
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 ?
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -lb
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48 \002
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx
backup@root:/home/userhome/test # ls -li
total 0
17334 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:48
17332 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 0 Sep 23 15:47 xx

The "ls -lb" shows the non-printable characters with "\ XXX" where XXX is the ASCII representation of the non-printable character.
The "ls -lq" shows the non-printable characters with "???" (quantity of ? is defined by the amount of non-printable caracters).
The "ls -li" shows the file inode.

To handle this file, the best option is to use the "find".

- Using the find based on the inode:
find . -inum 17334 -exec mv {} asd \;

- Using find with "wildcards" (based on the ls-lq returned):
find . -type f -name "?" -exec mv {} asd \;

Be careful when using the find with "meta character"! If a file whose name has only one character, it will enter the result.
 

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When Glance stop working

Sometimes glance (performance monitor for HP-UX) can crash (before crash, it will return 0% of CPU, Disk and networking) working with the following error:
GlancePlus fatal error.
== Fatal Nums Error == C.04.50.57 02/10/07 ==
User: root/6pts/6(/dev/pts/6) Date: Sun Dec 6 15:52:12
File: /crm/numsVob/hp/11.0/nums.C Line: 485 Product id: Glance
System: server B.11.11 9000/800
Errno: 0 (Error 0)
Connection to midaemon lost -- check midaemon process and status.mi == End of Error Msg
=============================

To solve it, you should:

Stop MWA:
# mwa stop

Remove all files (including the hidden ones) from /var/opt/perf/datafiles:
# rm -rf /var/opt/perf/datafiles/* rm -rf /var/opt/perf/datafiles/.*

Check if midaemon and ttd are stopped:
# mwa status

If midaemon and ttd didn’t stop, force stops them with the command kill (the PID was returned by the command ‘mwa status’).

Now, start MWA again:
# mwa start

 

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Creating an user on AIX

Creating an user on AIX

On AIX, you can use the following commands to create an user
# mkuser pgrp='primary group' groups='other groups' home='home directory' shell='/usr/bin/ksh' gecos='GECOS' USERNAME

 

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